The Ultimate Guide to Metal Detectors

Metal detectors are powerful tools used to detect and locate various types of metal objects buried underground or underwater. These devices work on the principle of electromagnetism, which allows them to detect metal objects by generating a magnetic field and detecting disturbances in that field caused by metallic objects. Over the years, metal detectors have become popular among treasure hunters, archaeologists, hobbyists, and even security personnel.

Metal detectors have a wide range of applications. They are commonly used in treasure hunting to search for valuable items such as coins, jewelry, and artifacts. Archaeologists use metal detectors to locate and excavate ancient artifacts and historical sites. Additionally, metal detectors are used for security purposes to detect weapons and contraband in airports, public areas, and private venues.

Metal detectors are available in different types, each with its own set of features and capabilities. The three main types of metal detectors are Very Low Frequency (VLF) metal detectors, Pulse Induction (PI) metal detectors, and Beat Frequency Oscillation (BFO) metal detectors. Each type has its own strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for different environments and purposes.

VLF metal detectors are the most common type and are suitable for general-purpose detecting. They can discriminate between different types of metals and provide target identification information. PI metal detectors are ideal for deep searching and are less affected by mineralized soil and saltwater. BFO metal detectors are the simplest type and are suitable for beginners due to their affordability and ease of use.

When choosing a metal detector, there are several key features to consider. Target ID is an important feature that helps to identify the type of metal detected. Discrimination settings allow the user to filter out unwanted metals and focus on valuable targets. Ground balance helps to eliminate false signals caused by mineralization in the soil. Depth indicator provides an estimate of how deep a target is buried. Sensitivity adjustment allows the user to fine-tune the detector's sensitivity to detect smaller or deeper targets. Coil size determines the detection area and depth capabilities of the metal detector.

If you are new to treasure hunting, start your adventure by checking out the best starter metal detector.

Types of Metal Detectors

VLF Metal Detectors: Very Low Frequency (VLF) metal detectors are the most popular type and are suitable for general-purpose detecting. They operate by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves at a low frequency, typically between 3 kHz and 30 kHz. VLF metal detectors can discriminate between different types of metals, which is a useful feature for filtering out unwanted targets. They also provide target identification information, such as the type of metal detected and its approximate depth. VLF metal detectors are versatile and can be used in various environments, including parks, beaches, and fields.

PI Metal Detectors: Pulse Induction (PI) metal detectors are ideal for deep searching and are less affected by mineralized soil and saltwater. Unlike VLF metal detectors, which transmit continuous waves, PI metal detectors operate by sending short bursts of current through a coil. These bursts generate magnetic fields that penetrate the ground and detect metal objects. PI metal detectors do not discriminate between different types of metals, but they are excellent at detecting deep targets, even in challenging environments. They are commonly used in areas with high mineralization, such as gold prospecting, relic hunting, and underwater searching.

BFO Metal Detectors: Beat Frequency Oscillation (BFO) metal detectors are the simplest and most affordable type. They operate by transmitting two continuous frequencies and detecting the difference in frequency when the coils come into contact with a metal object. BFO metal detectors are easy to use and are suitable for beginners. However, they lack the advanced features and capabilities of VLF and PI metal detectors. BFO metal detectors are best suited for hobbyists and casual users who want a basic metal detecting experience.

Features to Consider

Target ID: Target ID is a feature that helps to identify the type of metal detected. It provides information such as the conductivity and composition of the metal. This feature is invaluable for discriminating between valuable targets and junk metals.

Discrimination Settings: Discrimination settings allow the user to filter out unwanted metals and focus on valuable targets. This feature is particularly useful in areas with high trash or iron content, as it helps to avoid digging up unnecessary targets.

Ground Balance: Ground balance is a feature that helps to eliminate false signals caused by mineralization in the soil. It allows the metal detector to adjust and compensate for the varying mineral content in different environments. This feature is essential for accurate target detection and can improve the overall performance of the metal detector.

Depth Indicator: The depth indicator is a feature that provides an estimate of how deep a target is buried. It helps the user gauge the approximate depth of the target and determine if it is worth digging. This feature is particularly useful for experienced users who can interpret the depth readings accurately.

Sensitivity Adjustment: Sensitivity adjustment allows the user to fine-tune the detector's sensitivity to detect smaller or deeper targets. It is especially useful in areas with low mineralization or when searching for small or deeply buried objects. However, high sensitivity settings may also result in more false signals, so finding the right balance is crucial.

Coil Size: Coil size determines the detection area and depth capabilities of the metal detector. Larger coils can cover more ground and detect deeper targets but may sacrifice sensitivity to smaller targets. Smaller coils, on the other hand, are more sensitive to small targets but have a limited detection area and depth range. Choosing the right coil size depends on the user's target preferences and the environment they will be detecting in.

Best Practices for Beginners

Learn the Basics: Before using a metal detector, it is essential to learn the basic principles and techniques of metal detecting. Familiarize yourself with how the detector works, how to properly swing the coil, and how to interpret the signals and readings. There are plenty of online resources, books, and instructional videos available that can help beginners get started.

Start with a Simple Metal Detector: For beginners, it is recommended to start with a simple and user-friendly metal detector. BFO metal detectors are a popular choice due to their simplicity and affordability. They are great for learning the basics and gaining experience before moving on to more advanced detectors.

Search in Different Locations: To improve your chances of finding valuable items, it is important to search in different locations. Explore parks, beaches, fields, and other areas that are known for being frequented by people. Different locations offer different types of targets, so diversifying your search areas can lead to exciting discoveries.

Practice Proper Swing Technique: The way you swing the metal detector's coil can significantly impact its detection capabilities. Make sure to maintain a steady and consistent swing motion at a comfortable pace. Overlapping your sweeps and covering the ground thoroughly will increase your chances of finding targets.

Bring Essential Accessories: When metal detecting, it is beneficial to bring essential accessories such as a digging tool, headphones, a pinpointer, and a finds pouch. A digging tool is necessary for recovering targets, while headphones help in hearing faint signals and reducing background noise. A pinpointer is a handheld device that helps locate the exact position of a target, saving time and effort. Finally, a finds pouch is useful for storing and organizing your findings.

Top Brands

Garrett: Garrett is one of the most well-known and reputable brands in the metal detecting industry. They offer a wide range of detectors for various purposes, from entry-level devices to professional-grade equipment. Garrett detectors are known for their reliability, performance, and user-friendly features.

Minelab: Minelab is another top brand that specializes in high-quality metal detectors. They are known for their advanced technologies and innovative features, such as multi-frequency detection and advanced ground balance systems. Minelab detectors are popular among serious metal detecting enthusiasts and professionals.

Fisher: Fisher metal detectors have a long history of producing reliable and accurate detectors. They offer a range of models suitable for different environments and purposes, including land, beach, and underwater detecting. Fisher detectors are known for their durability, sensitivity, and user-friendly interfaces.

Teknetics: Teknetics is a brand known for its affordable yet reliable metal detectors. They offer a range of models suitable for beginners and intermediate users. Teknetics detectors provide excellent performance and features at a budget-friendly price point.

Bounty Hunter: Bounty Hunter is a popular brand that offers a range of affordable metal detectors for beginners and casual users. Their detectors are known for their simplicity, ease of use, and reliable performance. Despite their affordability, Bounty Hunter detectors provide good sensitivity and target discrimination capabilities.

Popular Metal Detecting Locations

Beaches: Beaches are popular locations for metal detecting due to the high foot traffic and the potential for finding jewelry and coins. Look for areas where people gather, such as near beach entrances, volleyball courts, and picnic areas. Be sure to check the local regulations and any restrictions on metal detecting.

Parks and Playgrounds: Public parks and playgrounds are great locations for metal detecting. These areas attract a lot of people and can yield a variety of targets, including coins, jewelry, and small artifacts. However, always obtain permission before detecting in a park and be mindful of any restricted areas.

Old Battlefields: Old battlefields and military sites can be rich in historical artifacts and relics. However, it is essential to research and obtain the necessary permissions before detecting in these areas. Also, be respectful and ensure that you are not disturbing any protected or sacred sites.

Ghost Towns: Ghost towns and historical sites are fascinating places to metal detect. These abandoned towns often have remnants of the past, such as old coins, bottles, and other artifacts. However, be aware of any private property restrictions and obtain permission before exploring these areas.

Campgrounds: Campgrounds, especially those with a long history of use, can be excellent locations for metal detecting. Campers often drop small items such as coins and jewelry, which can be found with a metal detector. Again, make sure to obtain permission from the campground owner before detecting in these areas.